Credit hours
In-class work per week |
Practice per week |
Credits |
Duration |
Total |
4 |
0 |
8 |
15 weeks |
120 hours |
Instructor
Carla Maris Machado Bittar
Objective
By the end of the course, the student should be able to recognize carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids structures, and to relate their structures with their biological properties. Students should know biosynthetic and degradation routes of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins and the importance of minerals and vitamins, as well as the integration of them in the animal metabolism (ruminants and non-ruminants).
Content
1) Basic concepts of organic chemistry, pH, buffer systems, physiological buffer systems.
2) Structure, classification and properties of Carbohydrates (concept biological functions, formulas, glycoside linkage, chemical and physical properties, main mono, oligo and polysaccharides, identification and quantification methods).
3) Structure, classification, and properties of amino acids (concept biological functions, classification, titration curve, main amino acids of the protein, chemical and physical properties).
4) Structure, classification and properties of proteins (concept, peptide bond, classification, structure levels, identification and quantification methods.
5) Structure, classification and properties of Lipids (concept, classification, triglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids, waxes, steroids, terpenes, lipoproteins, sphingolipids, formulas, main properties, determination by chromatography).
6) Structure of biological membranes, phospholipids, membrane permeability, and transport systems, Na + K + -ATPase, the effect ionophores and other compounds.
7) Energetics - free energy, activation energy, entropy, exergonic reactions and endothermic process, compounds rich in energy and coupled reactions.
8) Enzymes (concept, constitution, classification, mode of action, enzyme kinetics, inhibitors, regulatory enzymes of metabolism). Vitamins as coenzymes.
9) Metabolism of carbohydrates (glycolytic pathway, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation via the pentose-phosphate, photosynthesis).
10) Protein metabolism (synthesis and degradation of proteins and amino acids, urea cycle, amino acid derived molecules).
11) Lipid metabolism (synthesis and oxidation of triglycerides, ketosis, regulation of fatty acid synthesis).
12) Integration the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Integration and regulation of energy metabolism in different tissues (erythrocytes, muscle, adipose tissue, liver and central nervous system).
13) Integration and regulation of the energy metabolism.
14) Integration and regulation of protein metabolism.
Bibliography
BERG, J. M. Bioquímica. Rio de janeiro: Editora guanabara Koogan S. A., 6a. ed., 2008. 1114 p.
LEHNINGER, A.L. Princípios de Bioquímica. São Paulo: Sarvier, 2002. 975 p.
MARZZOCO A & TORRES BB. Bioquimica básica 3a ed. Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, 2007. 386 p.
VOET, D. Fundamentos de bioquímica. Porto Alegre: Artmed , 3a ed., 2006. 1596p.