Credit hours
In-class work per week |
Practice per week |
Credits |
Duration |
Total |
4 |
0 |
8 |
15 weeks |
120 hours |
Instructor
Diogo Fleury Azevedo Costa
Flavio Augusto Portela Santos
Objective
The objective of this course is to discuss in detail the protein metabolism in ruminants, including the ruminal and intestinal digestion of dietary nitrogen compounds, the absorption of nitrogenous compounds in the rumen and intestines, the post-absorptive metabolism of nitrogen compounds, and nitrogen recycling for improved amino acid balance in diets, as well as the environmental impacts of nitrogen compound excretion, such as the release of nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas, into the environment.
Content
1. Overview of protein metabolism in ruminants
2. Physical and chemical characteristics of proteins
3. Ruminal degradation of proteins
4. Microbial protein synthesis
5. Intestinal digestion of proteins
6. Ruminal and intestinal absorption of nitrogen compounds
7. Post-absorptive metabolism of nitrogen compounds
8. Nitrogen recycling in ruminant animals
9. Protein models (NRC, BR-Corte, CSIRO)
10. Amino acids for cattle
11. Feed formulation
12. Forensic tools (stable nitrogen isotopes)
Bibliography
Abdoun, K., et al. (2007). "Ammonia and urea transport across the rumen epithelium: a review." Animal Health Research Reviews 7(1-2): 43–59.
Cantalapiedra-Hijar, G., et al. (2019). "The isotopic N turnover rate as a proxy to evaluate in the long-term the protein turnover in growing ruminants." bioRxiv: 543116.
Batista, E. D., et al. (2016). "Effects of varying ruminally undegradable protein supplementation on forage digestion, nitrogen metabolism, and urea kinetics in Nellore cattle fed low-quality tropical forage." Journal of Animal Science 94(1): 201–216.
Bach, A., et al. (2005). "Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen." Journal of Dairy Science 88(e_suppl_1): E9–21.
Poppi, D. P. and S. R. McLennan (1995). "Protein and energy utilization by ruminants at pasture." Journal of Animal Science 73: 278–290.
Silva, L. F. P., et al. (2019). "Nitrogen recycling and feed efficiency of cattle fed protein-restricted diets." Animal Production Science 59(11): 2093–2107.