Course detail

LPV5713 - Weed Biology and Ecophysiology


Credit hours

In-class work
per week
Practice
per week
Credits
Duration
Total
2
2
8
15 weeks
120 hours

Instructor
Rafael Munhoz Pedroso

Objective
To provide information concerning weed biology and ecophysiology that are related to their management
and invasiveness, such as seed dormancy and germination, growth, competitiveness, and biology of
plant reproduction and spread. Key concepts regarding plant morphology will be explored in order to
provide useful information for the identification of Liliopsida and Magnoliopsida species and the
understanding of population biology, such as weed seed bank dynamics, types and characterization of
vegetative propagules, dormancy and seed longevity such that weed infestation can be modelled and
predicted, which constitute valuable tools for the development sustainable weed management programs.
Furthermore, students will be introduced to the importance of weed flora and distribution studies (also
referred to as phytosociological studies) and methods to estimate vegatation indexes; interference
among weeds and crops e resource utilization, as well as ecpected changes in competitiveness as
affected by climate change due to differences in carbon dioxide assimilation. Lastly, experimental
techniques related to weed biology and ecophysiology will be discussed and implemented in hands-on
practices. Such information might be utilized for developing resource-driven integrated weed
management programs in diverse agroecosystems by employing methods and weed control techniques
available in modern agricultural settings. Critical thinking and analysis of current weed science-related
scientific literature.

Content
Week 1: - Course presentation, reflections on weed science, importance of weed biology and ecophysiology in developing more diverse and sustainable weed management programs. Week 2: - Weed life cycles. Reproduction capabilities and seed dispersal. Week 3: - Identification of Monocot (Liliopsida) weed species. Use of software and new technologies. Week 4: -Identification of eudicots (Magnoliopsida) weed species. Week 5: -Weed reproduction, survival and soil seedbank; types and characterization of vegetative propagules; dormancy and quiescence; seed longevity; interactions between management and weed seedbank dynamics. Week 6: -Weed seed germination and growth modeling. Photoblastism. Week 7: -Surveying weed flora (Phytossociology); vegetation index and infestation and distribution patterns in the field. Week 8: -First exam. Weed 9: -Direct interference of weeds onto crops part I: competitive interactions and parasitism. Use of limited resources. Predicted impacts of climate change onto weed and crop growth and competition. Weed 10: -Direct interference of weed onto crops part II: the study of allelopathy and its uses in agricultural settings. Week 11: -Indirect interference of weeds onto crops. Relationship between weed biology and ecophysiology and (i) selection of herbicide-resistant biotypes and (ii) herbicide selectivity and usage of non-chemical weed control.
Weed 12: -Biology of aquatic versus terrestrial weed species; aspects of leaf anatomy and control. Weed 13: -Experimental design and research in Weed Science - basics of research planning, undertaking and conclusions in biology and ecophysiology; how to approach other key aspects such as mulching, climate change, germination and so forth. Week 14: -discussion of literature review work. Week 15: -Final exam.

Bibliography
Livros textos: Matologia - Estudos sobre Plantas Daninhas. Org. Barroso, A.A.M. Fábrica da Palavra, 577
p. Aspectos da Biologia e Manejo das Plantas Daninhas. Org. Monquero, P.A. Editora Rima, 434 p. 2014. SBCPD. OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, R. S. ;CONSTANTIN, J. ; INOUE, M. H. (Eds.). Biologia e manejo de plantas daninhas. Curitiba: Omnipax, 2011. Disponível em: CONTEÚDO/EMENTA
Português:
Semana 1: - Apresentação da disciplina, reflexões sobre a ciência das plantas daninhas, importância do entendimento acerca da biologia e ecofisiologia de plantas daninhas no desenvolvimento de programas de manejo diversificados e sustentáveis. Semana 2: - Ciclos de vida das plantas daninhas. Capacidade de multiplicação e meios de disseminação de descendentes. Semana 3: - Identificação das espécies de plantas daninhas do tipo Liliopsidas (monocotiledôneas). Uso de software e novas tecnologias. Semana 4: - Identificação das espécies de plantas daninhas do tipo Magnoliopsidas (eudicotiledôneas). Semana 5: -Mecanismos de reprodução, sobrevivência e banco de sementes de plantas daninhas; tipos e caracterização de propágulos vegetativos; dormência e quiescência; longevidade; efeitos do manejo sobre a dinâmica do banco de sementes. Semana 6: -Modelos de predição da germinação e crescimento de plantas daninhas. Fotoblastismo. Semana 7: -Levantamento Fitossociológico e métodos de análise da vegetação e cálculos de índices de infestação e padrões de distribuição de plantas daninhas no campo. Modelagem do índice de área foliar e uso de aplicativos. Semana 8: -Primeira prova. Semana 9: - Interferência direta entre plantas daninhas e culturas I: interações competitivas e parasitismo. Uso de recursos limitantes. Efeitos esperados da mudança climática sobre competição entre plantas daninhas e cultivadas. Semana 10: -Interferência direta entre plantas daninhas e culturas II: alelopatia na agricultura e metodologias de estudo e utilização. Semana 11: -Interferência indireta. Relação entre a biologia e ecofisiologia das plantas daninhas e (i) seleção de biótipos resistentes a herbicidas e (ii) seletividade de herbicidas e utilização de formas de controle não-químico. Semana 12: -Biologia de plantas daninhas aquáticas x terrestres; aspectos da anatomia foliar e controle. Semana 13: - Experimentação na área da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas - princípios básicos do planejamento, condução e conclusão de pesquisas com biologia, ecofisiologia e outros aspectos de estudo como efeitos da cobertura morta, mudança climática, germinação dentre outros. Semana 14: - Discussão dos trabalhos de revisão de literatura. Semana 15: - Avaliação final da disciplina.
Inglês:
Week 1: - Course presentation, reflections on weed science, importance of weed biology and ecophysiology in developing more diverse and sustainable weed management programs. Week 2: - Weed life cycles. Reproduction capabilities and seed dispersal. Week 3: - Identification of Monocot (Liliopsida) weed species. Use of software and new technologies. Week 4: -Identification of eudicots (Magnoliopsida) weed species. Week 5: -Weed reproduction, survival and soil seedbank; types and characterization of vegetative propagules; dormancy and quiescence; seed longevity; interactions between management and weed seedbank dynamics. Week 6: -Weed seed germination and growth modeling. Photoblastism. Week 7: -Surveying weed flora (Phytossociology); vegetation index and infestation and distribution patterns in the field. Week 8: -First exam. Weed 9: -Direct interference of weeds onto crops part I: competitive interactions and parasitism. Use of limited resources. Predicted impacts of climate change onto weed and crop growth and competition. Weed 10: -Direct interference of weed onto crops part II: the study of allelopathy and its uses in agricultural settings. Week 11: -Indirect interference of weeds onto crops. Relationship between weed biology and ecophysiology and (i) selection of herbicide-resistant biotypes and (ii) herbicide selectivity and usage of non-chemical weed control.
Weed 12: -Biology of aquatic versus terrestrial weed species; aspects of leaf anatomy and control. Weed 13: -Experimental design and research in Weed Science - basics of research planning, undertaking and conclusions in biology and ecophysiology; how to approach other key aspects such as mulching, climate change, germination and so forth. Week 14: -discussion of literature review work. Week 15: -Final exam.
b) develop scientific work in the area of Weed Science and critical and scientific view of the importance of weeds and their control in agroecosystems; c) basic scientific training for the elaboration and conduction of research work in weed biology and ecology; d) graduate teaching in the area of Weed Science. Thus, the Discipline of Weed Biology and Ecophysiology becomes indispensable for graduate students in Plant Sciences, at the Master and Doctorate levels, given the need for training of researchers and faculty in such major.
CRITÉRIOS DE AVALIAÇÃO (máximo 160 caracteres) Português:
Média das duas provas + apresentação de trabalho + participação em sala de aula.
Inglês:
Final grade to be calculated from two exams of equal value + paper presentation + class participation.
Observações:
Português:
Durante todas as aulas haverá discussão de trabalhos científicos relacionados aos temas das aulas, quando serádesignado um aluno para apresentar o trabalho.
Inglês:
Students will lead weekly, in-class discussion concerning scientific articles connected to the overall topic of a class.
Livros e publicações complementares: TAIZ, L.; ZEIGER, E. Plant Physiology. 3rd edition. 690p. ANDERSON, W.P. Weed Science Principles. West Publishing Company, Minnesota, 2007. 388 p. RADOSEVICH, S.R.; HOLT, J.J.; GHERSA, C. Weed Ecology, Implications of Vegetation Management. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997. 589p. ZIMDAHL, R.L. Fundamental of Weed Science. Academic Press Incorporation. California, 1993. 450 p. ZIMDAHL, R.L. Weed - Crop Competition: a review.
International Plant Protection Center, Oregon, 1980. 195 p. DEBACH, P. Control biologico de las Plagas e Insectos e Malas Hierbas. Companhia Editorial Continental, México, 1985. DEUBER, R. Ciência das Plantas Daninhas: Fundamentos. Editora da Unesp, Jaboticabal, Vol. I. 1992. 431 p. GODFREY, C.R.A. Agrochemicals from Natural Products. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1995. 420 p. HANCE, R.J. & K. HOLLY. Weed Control Handbook: principles. 8th edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, British Crop Protection Council, London, 1990. 582 p. KIRKWOOD, R.C. Target sites for Herbicide Action. New York, Plenum, 1991. 380 p. KROPFF, M.J. & H.H. van LAAR. Modeling Crop-Weed Interactions.CAB International, Wallingford, 1993. 274 p. LORENZI, H. Manual de Identificação e Controle de Plantas Daninhas: plantio direto e convencional. 7a edição, Editora Plantarum, Nova Odessa. 2014. 384 p. LORENZI, H. Plantas Daninhas do Brasil: terrestres, aquáticas, parasitas, tóxicas e medicinais. 2a Edição, Editora Plantarum, Nova Odessa, 2002. 440p. VARGAS, L. & ROMAN, E.S. Manual de manejo e controle de Plantas Daninhas. Passo Fundo: Embrapa Trigo, 2008.708 p. WHITEHEAD, R. The pesticide guide. Wallingford, CABI, 1995. 450p.
Principais revistas científicas sobre a ciência das plantas daninhas: 1. Advances in Weed Science 2. Weed control 3. Congressos Brasileiros da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas 4. Weed Research 5. Weed Science 6. Weed Technology 7. Pest Management Science