Credit hours
In-class work per week |
Practice per week |
Credits |
Duration |
Total |
4 |
2 |
10 |
15 weeks |
150 hours |
Instructor
Fábio Ricardo Marin
Objective
The course offers a quantitative approach to crop physiology and on the canopy-atmosphere relationship. The principles of the canopy architecture are studied as a basis for understanding the solar radiation absorption and crop growth rate. Fluid mechanics concepts are applied to atmospheric flows, seeking to understand the processes of turbulent transport and their implication in the mass and energy balance in agricultural systems. Emphasis is given to the quantification of the physiological processes involved in water consumption and water requirements of crops, as well as the causes and effects of the canopy-atmosphere coupling. It presents the bases for scientific thinking in the field of crop modeling as an instrument for interpreting the plant-atmosphere related phenomena. Techniques of scientific writing are implicitly discussed and it is required from students in written academic assignments.
Content
1) Atmospheric phenomena scales; scope, importance and applications in the microscale; fundamental concepts on agrometeorology; 2) Interaction of radiant energy with vegetative canopies on the scale and growth rate and crop water consumption; 3) Radiation and energy balance of natural and crop surfaces; 4) Atmospheric flow on vegetated surfaces; canopy-wind interactions and the wind profiles within and above vegetative canopies; effects of surface roughness changes on crop-atmosphere interactions; aerodynamic resistance to vertical transport; 5) vertical flow of an atmospheric property; thermodynamic and psychrometric aspects associated with water vapor flows; 6) Determination of mass flow (carbon dioxide and water vapor) of vegetative canopies and modeling of mass and energy fluxes at the cup-atmosphere interface; effect of degree of coupling between atmosphere and vegetation; 7) Ecophysiological implications of the studied processes.
Bibliography
1. ALLEN RG, PEREIRA LS, RAES D, SMITH M. Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56, 1998. 300p.
2. CAMPBELL GS, NORMAN JM. Introduction to environmental biophysics. Springer Verlag, 1998. 286p.
3. PAL ARYA, S., 2001. Introduction to micrometeorology, San Diego: Academic Press.
4. GARRATT JR. The Atmospheric boundary Layer. Cambridge University Press, 1990. 316p.
5. HATFIELD, J.L.; BAKER, J.M., 2005. Micrometeorology in agricultural systems, Agronomy Monograph No.47, 2005 584 pp.
6. MARIN, FR Apostila - Microclimatologia agrícola. ESALQ/USP, 2020. 281p.
7. MONTEITH JL. Vegetation and Atmosphere, vol. I., Academic Press, 1975. 278 p.
8. MONTEIT JL, UNSWORTH MH. Principles of environmental physics, Edward Arnold, 1990. 291p.
9. OKE TR. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Methuen & Co., 1992. 435p.
10. ROSENBERG NJ, BLAD BL & VERMA SB. Microclimate - The Biological Environment. 2ed. Wiley & Sons, 1983. 495p.
11. STULL R. An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, Kluwer Academic Publ. 1988. 666p.
12. SUTTON OG. Micrometeorology. KRIEGER Pub. Co., 1977. 333 p.