Course detail

CEN5742 - Pesticides and Environment


Credit hours

In-class work
per week
Practice
per week
Credits
Duration
Total
4
4
10
15 weeks
150 hours

Instructor
Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo

Objective
The discipline Pesticides and Environment aims to provide students with knowledge about the processes and interactions between pesticides and the environment, the contamination processes of the various components of ecosystems. The practical classes aim to demonstrate the various methods of studying pesticides and equipment used as well as the interpretation of the results.

Content
Theoretical classes
1. Historical pesticides and definitions: The evolution and use of pesticides in agriculture, households and in the control of disease vectors.
2. Characteristics of pesticides: The classes, mode of action, side effects, methods of use, formulations and your job.
3. Effects of drift and underdosing, contamination of food.
4. Interactions of pesticides with the environment: soil and its properties, effects on soil adsorption / desorption, the effects of moisture and formation of bound residues.
5. degradability of pesticides; chemical, photochemical and biological degradation. Metabolite formation, mineralization (CO2 release). Yeast, Bacteria and Fungi and their effects on pesticide degradability.
6. The leaching and surface dragging processes of pesticides.
7. Introduction to good laboratory practice.
8. Pesticide analysis techniques: gas chromatography; liquid chromatography; types of detectors and their jobs. Radiometric technique; Importance of the labeling site in studies with radiolabelled molecules.
9. Care with the use of radiolabelled molecules; measuring equipment and its operation.
10. Environmental contamination processes: soil, water, bioconcentration at various trophic levels.

Practical classes
1. Soil pesticide adsorption / desorption experiment.
2. Pesticide mobility experiment in Solo TLC plates.
3. Pesticide leaching experiment in soil.
4. Analysis of organochlorine pesticide by GC / ECD.
5. Organophosphate pesticide analysis by CG / NPD
6. Herbicide analysis by GC / MS.
7. Pesticide analysis by HPLC.

Bibliography
1. BORNER, H. (Ed.) Chemistry of plant protection. 9. Pesticides in ground and surface water. Berlin: Spring-Verlag, 1994. 297p.
2. RACKE, D.K.; COATS J.R. (Ed.) Enhanced biodegradation of pesticides in the I environment. Washington: ACS, 1990. 302p (ACS Symposium Series, 426).
3. AUDUS, L.J. (Ed.) Herbicides physiology, biochemistry, ecology. 2 ed. New YorK: Academic Press, 1964. v.2, 564p. (Disponível ESALQ).
4. YMAN, W.J.L.; REEHL, W.F.; ROSENBLATT, D.H. (Ed.) Handbook of chemical property estimation methods. Environmental behavior of organic compounds. Washington: ACS, 1990.
5. CHENG, H.H. (Ed.) Pesticides in the soil environment: processes, impacts, and modeling. Madison: SSSA, 1990. 530p. (SSSA Book Series, 2).
6. SAWHNEY, B.L.; BROWN, K. (Ed.) Reactions and movement of organic chemicals in soils. Madison: SSSA, 1989.474p.
7. HILL, I.R. Pesticides microbiology; microbial aspects of pesticide behavior in the environment. New York: Academic Press, 1978.
8. TERRY, R.R. Metabolic pathways of agrochemicals. Part 1. Herbicides and plant growth regulators. Part 2. Insecticides and fungicides. Harrogate: JSC International, 1998. 849p.
9. ANDREI, E. (Coord.) Compêndio de defensivos agrícolas. 6.ed. São Paulo: Andrei, 1999. 672p.
10. DUFFUS, J.H.; HOWARD, G.J.W. Fundamental toxicology for chemists. London: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1996.
11. MARGUERITE L.L.; ELIZABETH, M.K.L.; PAUL, L.Z. Agrochemicai environmental fate: state of the art. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1995. 41 Op.