LCF5763 - Properties, Mechanical Processing and Wood Structures

Credit hours

Instructor
José Nivaldo Garcia

Objective
To provide students with the basic and essential knowledge of the fundamental theory of structures, enabling them to understand the principles of tests to determine the different physical and mechanical properties of wood, which can be conducted in the laboratory or in loco. To quantify the natural variability of the basic properties of wood within forest populations and that introduced by sawn timber production strategies, and to apply probabilistic criteria in assessing safety in the structural use of wood.
To equip students with the necessary tools to understand the fundamentals of converting trees into sawn timber, the implications of different cutting strategies, and the influences of natural log characteristics on process yield and final product quality.
To train students in the calculation and production of GLULAM (glued-laminated timber), CLT (cross-laminated timber), I-beams, composite beams, plane frames, and plane trusses.

Content
1. Physical properties and characteristics of wood: Moisture content, density, porosity, permeability, dimensional variation;
2. Discrimination of characteristics favoring wood qualification versus disqualification, interrelationships between physical properties, juvenile wood, knots, cracks and warping;
3. Mechanical properties of wood: Ultimate strength (US) in parallel compression to the grain, US in perpendicular compression, US in static bending, US in parallel tension, US in perpendicular tension, US in splitting, Proportionality limit (PL) in parallel compression, PL in perpendicular compression, PL in parallel tension, PL in perpendicular tension, US in shear strength, Janka hardness, abrasion resistance, impact resistance, matrix of elastic constants in tension and compression, interrelationships between mechanical properties;
4. Comparisons with other materials: Concrete, steel, iron, aluminum, plastic, bamboo;
5. Interrelationships between physical and mechanical properties of wood;
6. Calculation of isostatic and hyperstatic timber structures: Using strength of materials methods, matrix method and Principle of Virtual Works (PVW);
7. Variability of wood physical and mechanical properties and structural safety: Characteristic strengths, calculation using semi-probabilistic method;
8. Connections for roundwood or sawn timber: Nails, bold, metal connectors, metal rings, pins, adhesives, dowels and tenons;
9. Bending stress distribution along beam transversal height: Linear, non-linear;
10. Growth stresses and strains in trees: Peripheral stresses and strains, distribution along tree trunk radius and height, displacements in sawn timber during and after breakdown;
11. Engineered wood products: Types and characteristics, wood gluing, adhesive types, wood characteristics affecting bonding, Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam), Cross Laminated Timber (CLT), Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL), Edge Glued Panel (EGP), prestressing in timber beams, wood houses and general constructions;
12. Wood engineering and genetic improvement: Gains in properties, gains in structure;
13. Sawmill and integrated industries projects: Radial sawing, tangential sawing, balanced tangential sawing, sawmill and integrated industries layouts;
14. Uses of planted woods (Pine, Eucalypts, Teak, Cunninghamia, others) and precious woods, the case of ordinary laminated beam enveloped by appearence woods;
15. Uses of AI (Chat GPT, Gemini, Copilot, Claude, Bardeen, Deep Seek, Gamma, others,) on the preparation of projects, presentations (lectures, classes, speeches), technical reports, academic texts and scientific papers.

Bibliography
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ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. ABNT NBR7190: 2022 – Part 1: Design of Timber Structures
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. ABNT NBR7190: 2022 Timber Structures - Part 2: Test Method; Structural timber. Grading. Requirements for visual and mechanical grading standards
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. ABNT NBR7190: 2022 Timber Structures – Part 3: Test Method for clear samples.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. ABNT NBR7190: 2022 Part 4: Design of Timber
Structures –Test Method - Structural timber. Strength classes.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. ABNT NBR7190: 2022 Timber Structures – Part 5: Test Method for structural timber. Grading. Requirements for mechanical connections.
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. ABNT NBR7190: 2022 Timber Structures – Part 6: Test Method Structural Glulam members. Requirements delamination, shear glue line.
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CEN. 2018. Timber structures – Cross laminated timber – Requirements. EN 16351.