LCF5890 - Ecological Intensification of Forest Plantations

Credit hours

Instructor
Agnès Amandine Robin
Jean Pierre Daniel Bouillet
José Leonardo de Moraes Gonçalves

Objective
The discipline has 3 main objectives:
i) To transmit the concepts of ecological intensification of forest plantations and methodologies for the study of water, C and nutrient cycles in pure and mixed-species plantations
ii) To present the use of specific tools to study the functioning of forest plantations
iii) To stress the interest of in situ experimental works and to strengthen the critical sense of postgraduate students in reading scientific articles.

Content
1. HYDRICAL AND CARBON OPERATION OF FOREST PLANTS. :
(a) Carbon fluxes: gross primary productivity; carbohydrate partition; self-reflex breathing; primary net productivity; heterotrophic respiration and soil respiration; carbon balance;
b) Flows of water on the trees and povomento scale: xilematic flows, evapotranspiration, soil water balance;
c) energy flows: solar and thermal radiation, latent and sensitive energy flows, energy balance;
d) methodology: methodologies used to monitor flows and environmental variables (meteorology, micro-climate, ...) that affect water and carbon balance and tree growth: measurements of gaseous changes in leaf scales, trees and stands, towers of flows;
e) Efficiency of the use of resources (light, water, nutrients);
f) Understanding the forest system, productivity prediction, and simulations of interactions between water, carbon and nutrient cycles with ecophysiological models.
2. BIO-GEO-CHEMICAL FUNCTIONING OF FOREST PLANTS
a) General presentation of biogeochemical cycles of nutrients in Eucalyptus plantations: concepts and case studies
b) Diversity and functions of soil microorganisms: consequences on carbon and nutrient fluxes in forest plantations
c) Role of rhizosphere: example of bioavailability in P
d) Symbiosis
(e) Methods of evaluation of soil micro-organisms
3. ECOLOGICAL INTENSIFICATION OF FOREST PLANTS:
a) Context
b) History and Concepts
c) Ecological intensification in mixed plantations of Eucalyptus and Acacia
d) Decomposition of litter in pure and mixed plantations: ecological and determinant theories - example of the "Home Field Advantage" in plantations of eucalyptus and acacias
4 ISOTOPICAL TOOLS AND TRACATORS
a) Estimation of N2 fixation by the method of natural abundance and isotopic dilution 15N
b) Transfer of N between trees
c) Transfer of N between leaves
d) Monitoring the decomposition of crop residues
e) Speculation of nutrient absorption in the profondity by Eucalyptus roots
5 WORK IN THE EXPERIMENTAL STATION:
- Techniques used to monitor carbon and water flows:
a) sensors to monitor meteorology, microclimate, soil temperature and humidity, xylem flows;
b) flow towers; respiration of soil, trunks, branches, and leaves;
c) measurements of photosynthesis on the leaf scale;
d) characterization of the canopy structure (leaf area index, leaf angles, etc.), and to quantify the interception of light;
- Nutrient cycles: Lysimeters; Marking of trees with 15N; Inventories, biomass equations (field sampling and equation calculation)
- Soil and roots sampling
a) collection, arming, analysis
b) root observations with mycorrhizal fungi

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